Endoscopic Diagnosis of Superficial Gastrointestinal Cancer.

White light image (WLI) findings are important for detection and characterization in the GI tract. However, magnified endoscopic examination with image enhanced endoscopy (IEE-NE) is becoming increasingly important for qualitative diagnosis of GI neoplastic lesions. IEE-ME is extremely useful for diagnosis of invasion depth in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and colorectal cancer, whereas macroscopic findings of WLI are still useful in Barrett's adenocarcinoma (BAC) and gastric cancer. IEE-ME is also useful for diagnosis of tumor extent in BAC and gastric cancer, whereas chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine is useful in colorectal cancer and iodine staining is indispensable in ESCC.